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4.1.3Het Vlaams publicatieprofiel
Vooraleer de specialisatieprofielen van het Vlaams onderzoek te beschouwen, komt eerst een ander aspect van dit publicatieprofiel aan de orde. Figuur 1 geeft voor twee deelperioden van de periode 2010-2022 het procentuele aandeel van de verschillende organisatietypen weer in de Vlaamse publicatieoutput over alle gebieden samen. Zoals in de methode beschreven passen we ook hier een volledig telschema toe. Dit komt erop neer dat een publicatie met werkadressen van meer dan één organisatietype aan elk type als een volledige publicatie wordt toegewezen. De procentuele aandelen kunnen dus op grond van deze meervoudige toekenning niet tot 100% opgeteld worden.
Figuur 1. Verdeling per organisatietype
Het aandeel van instellingen voor hoger onderwijs, dus van universiteiten en hogescholen, met net iets meer dan 88% overheerst dit resultaat. Het aandeel Vlaamse tijdschriftenpublicaties door medewerkers van publieke onderzoeksinstellingen of administraties gepubliceerd ligt rond 14%. Private instellingen en ziekenhuizen dragen met respectievelijk rond de 6% en de 5% tot het Vlaamse totaal bij (hierbij merken we op dat de publicaties van de universitaire ziekenhuizen bij de universiteiten zelf werden geteld). Bovenstaande gegevens komen in het algemeen overeen met de situatie in andere Europese landen (bijv. Katz en Hicks, 1998).
Figuur 2. Aandeel van samenwerking met hoger onderwijs per organisatietype
De samenwerking tussen hoger onderwijs en andere instellingen blijft sterk toenemen in alle sectoren. Voor de publieke instellingen en universiteiten ligt dit in de lijn van de verwachting gezien de structurele samenwerking tussen de strategische onderzoekscentra (waaronder VIB, VITO en IMEC) en de universiteiten en de hogescholen. Opvallend is de sterke stijging van de samenwerking tussen ziekenhuizen en universiteiten. Voor bedrijven zien we dat in de laatste periode het aandeel studies dat ze publiceren in samenwerking met het hoger onderwijs boven de 40% stijgt. Het lijkt erop dat deze twee sectoren vaker een beroep doen op samenwerking met universiteiten voor hun wetenschappelijk onderzoek.
De specialisatie van het Vlaams onderzoek tijdens de perioden 2010-2015 en 2017-2022 wordt in figuur 2 op basis van de Activiteitsindex grafisch weergegeven (zie Hoofdstuk 4.1.1 voor de definitie). De wereldstandaard is in het diagram door een regelmatige veertienhoek aangeduid. Er dient op gewezen dat de Activiteitsindex, de relatieve activiteit met betrekking tot de wereldstandaard, een evenwichtsindicator is, d.w.z. als de activiteit van een land in enkele gebieden boven de wereldstandaard ligt, moet de activiteit in andere gebieden noodzakelijkerwijs beneden de standaard liggen.
Het uurwerkdiagram beschrijft het profiel van Vlaanderen eenduidig als Type 1, dit is het westers model met bio- en medische wetenschappen als overheersende gebieden. Wel is het profiel van de tweede periode enigszins veranderd en wel door een stijging in de sociale wetenschappen (SOC1 & SOC2) en de neurowetenschappen (NEUR). Maar het ‘paradigmatische’ basistype van het Vlaams profiel is onveranderd gebleven. Samenvattend kan gesteld worden dat het Vlaamse publicatieprofiel gekenmerkt wordt door significant boven de wereldstandaard liggende activiteiten in de levenswetenschappen: biologie (BIOL), klinische en experimentele geneeskunde I (CLI1) en Experimentele geneeskunde II (CLI2), dat in de tweede deerlperiode nog verder stijgt. Daarnaarst toont het publicatieprofiel een beneden de wereldstandaard liggende natuur en technische wetenschappen: chemie (CHEM), aard- en ruimtewetenschappen (GEOS), fysica (PHYS) en -in de tweede deelperiode- wiskunde (MATH) en ingenieurswetenschappen (ENGN).
Dit onderscheid zien we ook in tabel 5 dat het aandeel van Vlaanderen in het wereldtotaal uitsplitst naar vakgebied. Voor de tijdschriftenliteratuur zien we dat dezelfde vijf vakgebieden in de natuur- en technische wetenschappen beduidend onder de 1% van het wereldtotaal liggen.
Figuur 3. Het publicatieprofiel van het Vlaams onderzoek in de perioden 2008-2013 en 2015-2020 op basis van de Activiteitsindex (AI)
Tabel 5. Evolutie van het aandeel Vlaamse publicaties in het wereldtotaal
AGRI | BIOL | BIOS | BIOM | CLI1 | CLI2 | NEUR | CHEM | PHYS | GEOS | ENGN | MATH | SOC1 | SOC2 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2010 | 1.05% | 1.30% | 1.08% | 1.02% | 1.12% | 1.12% | 1.23% | 0.74% | 0.85% | 0.91% | 0.97% | 0.87% | 1.00% | 0.91% |
2011 | 1.01% | 1.29% | 1.17% | 1.12% | 1.21% | 1.14% | 1.30% | 0.75% | 0.88% | 1.01% | 1.00% | 0.86% | 1.04% | 0.97% |
2012 | 1.02% | 1.20% | 1.12% | 1.14% | 1.19% | 1.13% | 1.36% | 0.73% | 0.85% | 1.01% | 1.02% | 0.90% | 1.20% | 1.10% |
2013 | 1.13% | 1.34% | 1.11% | 1.05% | 1.21% | 1.17% | 1.34% | 0.73% | 0.87% | 0.95% | 0.94% | 0.85% | 1.30% | 1.24% |
2014 | 1.07% | 1.36% | 1.07% | 1.12% | 1.23% | 1.19% | 1.45% | 0.74% | 0.84% | 1.01% | 0.95% | 0.74% | 1.32% | 1.18% |
2015 | 1.15% | 1.40% | 1.15% | 1.14% | 1.24% | 1.22% | 1.49% | 0.75% | 0.88% | 0.95% | 0.94% | 0.82% | 1.35% | 1.24% |
2016 | 1.06% | 1.34% | 1.11% | 1.11% | 1.28% | 1.28% | 1.51% | 0.72% | 0.83% | 0.91% | 0.88% | 0.84% | 1.19% | 1.30% |
2017 | 1.04% | 1.31% | 1.04% | 1.05% | 1.30% | 1.30% | 1.51% | 0.71% | 0.86% | 0.93% | 0.80% | 0.80% | 1.27% | 1.28% |
2018 | 1.02% | 1.34% | 1.03% | 1.08% | 1.34% | 1.32% | 1.50% | 0.69% | 0.82% | 0.93% | 0.82% | 0.75% | 1.33% | 1.31% |
2019 | 0.93% | 1.25% | 0.98% | 1.00% | 1.38% | 1.31% | 1.50% | 0.67% | 0.78% | 0.89% | 0.76% | 0.79% | 1.22% | 1.25% |
2020 | 0.90% | 1.21% | 0.99% | 1.01% | 1.29% | 1.31% | 1.43% | 0.67% | 0.74% | 0.91% | 0.75% | 0.70% | 1.23% | 1.23% |
2021 | 0.95% | 1.30% | 1.02% | 1.05% | 1.35% | 1.28% | 1.49% | 0.67% | 0.71% | 0.99% | 0.74% | 0.75% | 1.24% | 1.21% |
2022 | 0.85% | 1.15% | 0.87% | 0.98% | 1.31% | 1.22% | 1.30% | 0.58% | 0.60% | 0.88% | 0.62% | 0.74% | 1.22% | 1.21% |
AGRI | BIOL | BIOS | BIOM | CLI1 | CLI2 | NEUR | CHEM | PHYS | GEOS | ENGN | MATH | SOC1 | SOC2 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2010 | 1.05% | 1.30% | 1.08% | 1.02% | 1.12% | 1.12% | 1.23% | 0.74% | 0.85% | 0.91% | 0.97% | 0.87% | 1.00% | 0.91% |
2011 | 1.01% | 1.29% | 1.17% | 1.12% | 1.21% | 1.14% | 1.30% | 0.75% | 0.88% | 1.01% | 1.00% | 0.86% | 1.04% | 0.97% |
2012 | 1.02% | 1.20% | 1.12% | 1.14% | 1.19% | 1.13% | 1.36% | 0.73% | 0.85% | 1.01% | 1.02% | 0.90% | 1.20% | 1.10% |
2013 | 1.13% | 1.34% | 1.11% | 1.05% | 1.21% | 1.17% | 1.34% | 0.73% | 0.87% | 0.95% | 0.94% | 0.85% | 1.30% | 1.24% |
2014 | 1.07% | 1.36% | 1.07% | 1.12% | 1.23% | 1.19% | 1.45% | 0.74% | 0.84% | 1.01% | 0.95% | 0.74% | 1.32% | 1.18% |
2015 | 1.15% | 1.40% | 1.15% | 1.14% | 1.24% | 1.22% | 1.49% | 0.75% | 0.88% | 0.95% | 0.94% | 0.82% | 1.35% | 1.24% |
2016 | 1.06% | 1.34% | 1.11% | 1.11% | 1.28% | 1.28% | 1.51% | 0.72% | 0.83% | 0.91% | 0.88% | 0.84% | 1.19% | 1.30% |
2017 | 1.04% | 1.31% | 1.04% | 1.05% | 1.30% | 1.30% | 1.51% | 0.71% | 0.86% | 0.93% | 0.80% | 0.80% | 1.27% | 1.28% |
2018 | 1.02% | 1.34% | 1.03% | 1.08% | 1.34% | 1.32% | 1.50% | 0.69% | 0.82% | 0.93% | 0.82% | 0.75% | 1.33% | 1.31% |
2019 | 0.93% | 1.25% | 0.98% | 1.00% | 1.38% | 1.31% | 1.50% | 0.67% | 0.78% | 0.89% | 0.76% | 0.79% | 1.22% | 1.25% |
2020 | 0.90% | 1.21% | 0.99% | 1.01% | 1.29% | 1.31% | 1.43% | 0.67% | 0.74% | 0.91% | 0.75% | 0.70% | 1.23% | 1.23% |
2021 | 0.95% | 1.30% | 1.02% | 1.05% | 1.35% | 1.28% | 1.49% | 0.67% | 0.71% | 0.99% | 0.74% | 0.75% | 1.24% | 1.21% |
2022 | 0.85% | 1.15% | 0.87% | 0.98% | 1.31% | 1.22% | 1.30% | 0.58% | 0.60% | 0.88% | 0.62% | 0.74% | 1.22% | 1.21% |
AGRI | BIOL | BIOS | BIOM | CLI1 | CLI2 | NEUR | CHEM | PHYS | GEOS | ENGN | MATH | SOC1 | SOC2 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2010 | 1.05% | 1.30% | 1.08% | 1.02% | 1.12% | 1.12% | 1.23% | 0.74% | 0.85% | 0.91% | 0.97% | 0.87% | 1.00% | 0.91% |
2011 | 1.01% | 1.29% | 1.17% | 1.12% | 1.21% | 1.14% | 1.30% | 0.75% | 0.88% | 1.01% | 1.00% | 0.86% | 1.04% | 0.97% |
2012 | 1.02% | 1.20% | 1.12% | 1.14% | 1.19% | 1.13% | 1.36% | 0.73% | 0.85% | 1.01% | 1.02% | 0.90% | 1.20% | 1.10% |
2013 | 1.13% | 1.34% | 1.11% | 1.05% | 1.21% | 1.17% | 1.34% | 0.73% | 0.87% | 0.95% | 0.94% | 0.85% | 1.30% | 1.24% |
2014 | 1.07% | 1.36% | 1.07% | 1.12% | 1.23% | 1.19% | 1.45% | 0.74% | 0.84% | 1.01% | 0.95% | 0.74% | 1.32% | 1.18% |
2015 | 1.15% | 1.40% | 1.15% | 1.14% | 1.24% | 1.22% | 1.49% | 0.75% | 0.88% | 0.95% | 0.94% | 0.82% | 1.35% | 1.24% |
2016 | 1.06% | 1.34% | 1.11% | 1.11% | 1.28% | 1.28% | 1.51% | 0.72% | 0.83% | 0.91% | 0.88% | 0.84% | 1.19% | 1.30% |
2017 | 1.04% | 1.31% | 1.04% | 1.05% | 1.30% | 1.30% | 1.51% | 0.71% | 0.86% | 0.93% | 0.80% | 0.80% | 1.27% | 1.28% |
2018 | 1.02% | 1.34% | 1.03% | 1.08% | 1.34% | 1.32% | 1.50% | 0.69% | 0.82% | 0.93% | 0.82% | 0.75% | 1.33% | 1.31% |
2019 | 0.93% | 1.25% | 0.98% | 1.00% | 1.38% | 1.31% | 1.50% | 0.67% | 0.78% | 0.89% | 0.76% | 0.79% | 1.22% | 1.25% |
2020 | 0.90% | 1.21% | 0.99% | 1.01% | 1.29% | 1.31% | 1.43% | 0.67% | 0.74% | 0.91% | 0.75% | 0.70% | 1.23% | 1.23% |
2021 | 0.95% | 1.30% | 1.02% | 1.05% | 1.35% | 1.28% | 1.49% | 0.67% | 0.71% | 0.99% | 0.74% | 0.75% | 1.24% | 1.21% |
2022 | 0.85% | 1.15% | 0.87% | 0.98% | 1.31% | 1.22% | 1.30% | 0.58% | 0.60% | 0.88% | 0.62% | 0.74% | 1.22% | 1.21% |
Tabel 6. Evolutie van het aandeel Vlaamse publicaties in het wereldtotaal
AGRI | BIOL | BIOS | BIOM | CLI1 | CLI2 | NEUR | CHEM | PHYS | GEOS | ENGN | MATH | SOC1 | SOC2 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2010 | 1.05% | 1.30% | 1.08% | 0.98% | 1.11% | 1.11% | 1.21% | 0.75% | 0.84% | 0.85% | 0.76% | 0.75% | 0.87% | 0.72% |
2011 | 0.98% | 1.27% | 1.16% | 1.07% | 1.20% | 1.14% | 1.30% | 0.71% | 0.87% | 0.94% | 0.81% | 0.80% | 0.91% | 0.81% |
2012 | 0.98% | 1.19% | 1.12% | 1.15% | 1.18% | 1.13% | 1.35% | 0.69% | 0.88% | 0.99% | 0.84% | 0.88% | 1.06% | 0.94% |
2013 | 1.08% | 1.34% | 1.10% | 1.02% | 1.21% | 1.16% | 1.34% | 0.68% | 0.90% | 0.89% | 0.74% | 0.81% | 1.12% | 1.02% |
2014 | 1.02% | 1.35% | 1.07% | 1.11% | 1.23% | 1.18% | 1.42% | 0.71% | 0.86% | 0.97% | 0.80% | 0.69% | 1.07% | 1.00% |
2015 | 1.09% | 1.39% | 1.14% | 1.12% | 1.24% | 1.21% | 1.48% | 0.73% | 0.86% | 0.88% | 0.79% | 0.76% | 1.13% | 1.05% |
2016 | 1.06% | 1.35% | 1.10% | 1.08% | 1.28% | 1.27% | 1.47% | 0.71% | 0.86% | 0.86% | 0.75% | 0.75% | 0.87% | 1.04% |
2017 | 0.98% | 1.29% | 1.04% | 1.00% | 1.29% | 1.29% | 1.47% | 0.71% | 0.86% | 0.86% | 0.67% | 0.72% | 0.91% | 0.93% |
2018 | 0.98% | 1.33% | 1.02% | 1.06% | 1.34% | 1.31% | 1.47% | 0.68% | 0.83% | 0.90% | 0.69% | 0.71% | 0.97% | 1.07% |
2019 | 0.88% | 1.25% | 0.97% | 0.98% | 1.38% | 1.30% | 1.49% | 0.66% | 0.78% | 0.85% | 0.70% | 0.77% | 1.03% | 1.12% |
2020 | 0.86% | 1.21% | 0.98% | 1.00% | 1.29% | 1.31% | 1.41% | 0.66% | 0.76% | 0.86% | 0.73% | 0.66% | 1.07% | 1.07% |
2021 | 0.90% | 1.29% | 1.01% | 1.04% | 1.35% | 1.28% | 1.48% | 0.66% | 0.77% | 0.92% | 0.74% | 0.76% | 1.13% | 1.09% |
2022 | 0.85% | 1.15% | 0.87% | 0.97% | 1.31% | 1.22% | 1.30% | 0.58% | 0.67% | 0.89% | 0.69% | 0.76% | 1.16% | 1.18% |
AGRI | BIOL | BIOS | BIOM | CLI1 | CLI2 | NEUR | CHEM | PHYS | GEOS | ENGN | MATH | SOC1 | SOC2 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2010 | 1.05% | 1.30% | 1.08% | 0.98% | 1.11% | 1.11% | 1.21% | 0.75% | 0.84% | 0.85% | 0.76% | 0.75% | 0.87% | 0.72% |
2011 | 0.98% | 1.27% | 1.16% | 1.07% | 1.20% | 1.14% | 1.30% | 0.71% | 0.87% | 0.94% | 0.81% | 0.80% | 0.91% | 0.81% |
2012 | 0.98% | 1.19% | 1.12% | 1.15% | 1.18% | 1.13% | 1.35% | 0.69% | 0.88% | 0.99% | 0.84% | 0.88% | 1.06% | 0.94% |
2013 | 1.08% | 1.34% | 1.10% | 1.02% | 1.21% | 1.16% | 1.34% | 0.68% | 0.90% | 0.89% | 0.74% | 0.81% | 1.12% | 1.02% |
2014 | 1.02% | 1.35% | 1.07% | 1.11% | 1.23% | 1.18% | 1.42% | 0.71% | 0.86% | 0.97% | 0.80% | 0.69% | 1.07% | 1.00% |
2015 | 1.09% | 1.39% | 1.14% | 1.12% | 1.24% | 1.21% | 1.48% | 0.73% | 0.86% | 0.88% | 0.79% | 0.76% | 1.13% | 1.05% |
2016 | 1.06% | 1.35% | 1.10% | 1.08% | 1.28% | 1.27% | 1.47% | 0.71% | 0.86% | 0.86% | 0.75% | 0.75% | 0.87% | 1.04% |
2017 | 0.98% | 1.29% | 1.04% | 1.00% | 1.29% | 1.29% | 1.47% | 0.71% | 0.86% | 0.86% | 0.67% | 0.72% | 0.91% | 0.93% |
2018 | 0.98% | 1.33% | 1.02% | 1.06% | 1.34% | 1.31% | 1.47% | 0.68% | 0.83% | 0.90% | 0.69% | 0.71% | 0.97% | 1.07% |
2019 | 0.88% | 1.25% | 0.97% | 0.98% | 1.38% | 1.30% | 1.49% | 0.66% | 0.78% | 0.85% | 0.70% | 0.77% | 1.03% | 1.12% |
2020 | 0.86% | 1.21% | 0.98% | 1.00% | 1.29% | 1.31% | 1.41% | 0.66% | 0.76% | 0.86% | 0.73% | 0.66% | 1.07% | 1.07% |
2021 | 0.90% | 1.29% | 1.01% | 1.04% | 1.35% | 1.28% | 1.48% | 0.66% | 0.77% | 0.92% | 0.74% | 0.76% | 1.13% | 1.09% |
2022 | 0.85% | 1.15% | 0.87% | 0.97% | 1.31% | 1.22% | 1.30% | 0.58% | 0.67% | 0.89% | 0.69% | 0.76% | 1.16% | 1.18% |
AGRI | BIOL | BIOS | BIOM | CLI1 | CLI2 | NEUR | CHEM | PHYS | GEOS | ENGN | MATH | SOC1 | SOC2 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2010 | 1.05% | 1.30% | 1.08% | 0.98% | 1.11% | 1.11% | 1.21% | 0.75% | 0.84% | 0.85% | 0.76% | 0.75% | 0.87% | 0.72% |
2011 | 0.98% | 1.27% | 1.16% | 1.07% | 1.20% | 1.14% | 1.30% | 0.71% | 0.87% | 0.94% | 0.81% | 0.80% | 0.91% | 0.81% |
2012 | 0.98% | 1.19% | 1.12% | 1.15% | 1.18% | 1.13% | 1.35% | 0.69% | 0.88% | 0.99% | 0.84% | 0.88% | 1.06% | 0.94% |
2013 | 1.08% | 1.34% | 1.10% | 1.02% | 1.21% | 1.16% | 1.34% | 0.68% | 0.90% | 0.89% | 0.74% | 0.81% | 1.12% | 1.02% |
2014 | 1.02% | 1.35% | 1.07% | 1.11% | 1.23% | 1.18% | 1.42% | 0.71% | 0.86% | 0.97% | 0.80% | 0.69% | 1.07% | 1.00% |
2015 | 1.09% | 1.39% | 1.14% | 1.12% | 1.24% | 1.21% | 1.48% | 0.73% | 0.86% | 0.88% | 0.79% | 0.76% | 1.13% | 1.05% |
2016 | 1.06% | 1.35% | 1.10% | 1.08% | 1.28% | 1.27% | 1.47% | 0.71% | 0.86% | 0.86% | 0.75% | 0.75% | 0.87% | 1.04% |
2017 | 0.98% | 1.29% | 1.04% | 1.00% | 1.29% | 1.29% | 1.47% | 0.71% | 0.86% | 0.86% | 0.67% | 0.72% | 0.91% | 0.93% |
2018 | 0.98% | 1.33% | 1.02% | 1.06% | 1.34% | 1.31% | 1.47% | 0.68% | 0.83% | 0.90% | 0.69% | 0.71% | 0.97% | 1.07% |
2019 | 0.88% | 1.25% | 0.97% | 0.98% | 1.38% | 1.30% | 1.49% | 0.66% | 0.78% | 0.85% | 0.70% | 0.77% | 1.03% | 1.12% |
2020 | 0.86% | 1.21% | 0.98% | 1.00% | 1.29% | 1.31% | 1.41% | 0.66% | 0.76% | 0.86% | 0.73% | 0.66% | 1.07% | 1.07% |
2021 | 0.90% | 1.29% | 1.01% | 1.04% | 1.35% | 1.28% | 1.48% | 0.66% | 0.77% | 0.92% | 0.74% | 0.76% | 1.13% | 1.09% |
2022 | 0.85% | 1.15% | 0.87% | 0.97% | 1.31% | 1.22% | 1.30% | 0.58% | 0.67% | 0.89% | 0.69% | 0.76% | 1.16% | 1.18% |